The increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and big data in driving economic growth and generating both societal and environmental benefits is recognised by governments around the globe.

The UK Government has already committed to making this country a leader in the use of AI through its announcement last year of the billion-pound AI sector deal, which aims to ensure the UK is at the forefront of the AI and data-driven economy and has the required digital infrastructure and skilled workforce. In the light of this, now is an opportune time for those of us in academia to consider the range of graduate skills required to achieve it.

AI systems are much broader than machine learning algorithms. They combine software with sophisticated electronics, pervasive connectivity, machines and physical infrastructure in order to sense, understand, act and, crucially, learn to do things better. These new AI systems envision machines designed specifically to work more cohesively with humans – employing real-time data, adapting to enhance performance and aiding user experience, whilst also creating cheaper designs that consume fewer natural resources.